RESEARCH ISSUES IN HUMAN RSCOURCE MANAGEMENT Essay

RESEARCH ISSUES IN HUMAN RSCOURCE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example For instance, relational threatening vibe may effectsly affect both the activity fulfillment and prosperity of casualties (Mikkelsen and Einarsen, 2001; Tepper 2000; Ashforth 1997; Einarsen and Raknes 1997). In addition, relational threatening vibe may likewise prompt significant expenses for associations, as expanded non-attendance and higher turnover of work force, diminished duty and profitability, and negative exposure (Hoel, Einarsen and Cooper 2003; Tepper 2000). For society all in all, this may prompt lower efficiency, early retirements and expanded wellbeing costs. As a result, numerous countries have received or are wanting to embrace laws advancing pride at work or restricting various types of work badgering. Work environment viciousness and tormenting has been distinguished as an imperative worry in terms of professional career associations in Britain and in numerous nations for quite a while at this point. For what it's worth, numerous reports have clearly exhibited the torment, mental trouble, physical disease and vocation harm endured by casualties of harassing, be that as it may, scholarly research started as of late. The most evolved examine originates from Scandinavia (Vartia 1996; Niedl 1996), where there is solid open mindfulness; government subsidized research, and set up hostile to harassing enactment. Tormenting presents huge methodological issues for specialists. An essential trouble is that of definition as no reasonable understanding exists on what establishes grown-up harassing. Albeit physical tormenting is only here and there revealed, the work environment presents open doors for a wide scope of threatening plans and gadgets. Five arrangements of harassing conduct have been given (Rayner and Hoel 1997) - danger to proficient status (disparaging feeling, open proficient mortification, allegation of absence of exertion); danger to individual standing (verbally abusing, affronts, prodding); confinement (forestalling access to circumstances, for example, preparing, retaining data); exhaust (undue strain to deliver work, outlandish cutoff times, superfluous disturbances); and destabilization (inability to give credit when due, aimless errands, expulsion of duty, moving of goal lines). There have been three primary ways to deal with investigation into working environment harassing. The first has been subjective and individualistic in context, recognizing a job for the person as far as powerlessness to harassing or an affinity to menace (Crawford 1997; Lockhart 1997; Randall 1997) and clarifying the elements of menace casualty connections. The subsequent methodology is unmistakable and epidemiological and is typically founded on self report. These investigations report the commonness of working environment harassing, the sorts experienced, age and sex contrasts, who is told, what move is made, and so on. The third methodology is impacted by speculations and builds in hierarchical brain science and has concentrated on the association between the individual and the association and how parts of the authoritative structure and atmosphere of the working environment may support the advancement of a tormenting society (Rayner 1997). For scientists who

Quality Improvement in Gastroenterology-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the hand cleanliness dependent on PDSA Model Quality Improvement in Gastroenterology Health Care Center. Answer: Presentation Quality and wellbeing the executives is vital with regards to avoidance of contaminations inside an intense human services arrangement. The quality administration here alludes to dealing with the general parts of medicinal services which are urgent in keeping up an aseptic condition inside the consideration setting. For the present examination we have thought about hand cleanliness which helps in decreasing the odds of disease inside a clinic structure. The center has been limited to the use of the task activity inside the Gastroenterology Healthcare focus, Toronto upon the Plan DO Study Act (PDSA) model. The paper examines the issue in more detail focussing upon the significance of hand cleanliness and connection of the equivalent in guaranteeing wellbeing enhancements inside the concerned office. The examination further expounds the job of the medical caretakers in guaranteeing the proficiency of the previously mentioned forms. Depiction of issue Hand cleanliness has been depicted as the absolute best strategy for contamination avoidance (CDC, 2002; World Health Organization [WHO], 2009). The cleaning of hands previously, after and during careful procedures is vital in the avoidance of contamination through the spread of microorganisms. As remarked by Septimus et al. (2014), expanded utilization of hand cleanliness types of gear have been believed to decrease the occurrences of disease spread inside human services places. A portion of the disinfectants which could be utilized here are cleanser gadgets, liquor based froth containers, paper towel allocators. The factual figures demonstrated a 24 % decrease in the human services related contaminations after the usage of the sanitization procedure all the time. This brought about sparing around 27 % of the expense of anti-toxins (Moraros, Lemstra, Nwankwo, 2016). In the current setting, prudent steps must be taken in managing patients experiencing gastrointestinal issues. The staff may experience introduction to pathogens, for example, Clostridium difficile, vancomycin safe enterococci (VRE), carbapenam safe enterobacteriaceae (CRE). In this regard, thorough cleaning of nature with EPA-enrolled medical clinic disinfectant has been believed to wipe out a portion of the microbial operators, for example, C. difficile which have been known to bring about intense gastric contamination in people (Jones et al., 2016).The parts of hand cleanliness have been additionally examined as for the PDSA model. The model has four dynamic segments, for example, Plan, Do, Study and Act. The use of the model aides in assessment of the various advances which could be taken for development of value inside the Gastroenterology human services place. The various strides of the model have been spoken to with the assistance of flowchart as follows: What are we attempting to achieve? By what method will we realize that change is an improvement? What changes would we be able to make that will bring about progress? Assessment of the present situation through the PDSA model aides in the recognizable proof of the difficult circumstance. The objective is to improve nature of administrations conveyed inside the Gastroenterology medicinal services units through usage of hand cleanliness strategies. In this regard, the hand cleanliness rehearses have been proclaimed as the foundation of forestalling contamination by IPAC Canada. The enhancements realized by the execution of such strategies can be estimated utilizing review examination. The decrease in the pace of contamination after the utilization of the cleaning strategies could be contrasted and that of circumstance before the use of the control techniques. The figures so acquired give a review about the different escape clauses and holes inside the conveyance of the consideration administrations. The holes could be additionally improved with the utilization of stricter control estimates which upgrades the nature of the consideration administratio ns. Use of hand cleanliness dependent on PDSA The PDSA model depends on the targets of learning through arranging, executing the arrangement, study the holes in the procedures and act as needs be for the alleviation of the holes. The models have been talked about in more subtleties underneath: Plan (P): Will executing adequate norms of hand cleanliness improve quality consideration inside the gastroenterology wards of the emergency clinic? Will adequate staff training about the sanitization procedure help in lessening the pace of disease? What are the fundamental norms and rules which must be executed for making progress in the above result? Do (D): The medicinal services group need to do arranged exercises for achieving the change Study (S) Did the arranging go right? Was ideal training in regards to the sterilization procedure given to the staffs? Were satisfactory strategies and projects followed for the execution of the targets inside the gastroenterology medicinal services places? Act (A): In view of the outcomes got from above cross examination, the holes or the escape clauses are distinguished which the group could additionally work upon. Quality of the model There are various qualities of the PDSA model, for example, aggregate issue and arrangement proprietorship. As remarked by Smiddy, O'Connell Creedon (2015), the collective method of working aides in building positive connection between colleagues. The PDSA model aides in strengthening of colleagues through shared objective union for accomplishing better clinical results. The PDSA gives an organized domain to the acknowledgment of the clinical results (Dai, Milkman, Hofmann Staats, 2015). The PDSA cycles permit the staff to all the more likely comprehend the hierarchical procedures. It advances a continuous move in responsibility for issues from the board to the bleeding edge staff. Restrictions of the PDSA model There are various impediments of the use of the PDSA model, for example, loss of energy because of the evacuation of a colleague. The hopping of the means of the PDCA cycle may bring about sufficient realizing which neglects to address the underlying driver of the issue (Smiddy et al., 2015). The investigation of the issue circumstance through PDSA requires unit explicit and time delicate information and is reliant upon human work for adequate assortment of information. So as to work through individual strides of the PDSA cycle adequately longer time is required. Job of the medical caretaker The medical caretakers assume a basic job in diminishing the pace of disease inside a clinical arrangement by the execution of adequate strategies and methods. The impacts extracted by the medical attendants inside the control of disease can be partitioned into various factors, for example, intrapersonal, relational and authoritative components. The intrapersonal factors here allude to the degree of information, abilities alongside discernments or qualities controlled by the medical attendants which impact their arrangement of practices. The relational components allude to the connection of the attendants with their companions, friends and patients which further oversee the achievement of the execution goals. The authoritative components allude to the strategies standards and culture, which helps in the foundation of the IPAC gauges of clinical cleanliness and wellbeing. Moreover, bury office cooperation can advance hierarchical picking up viewing strategies and methodology, for exam ple, liquor rub for purifying hands previously, after and during quiet taking care of, which can forestall spread of disease (Ellingson et al., 2014).The going to medical caretakers need to keep up appropriate isolate in managing profoundly irresistible cases. They should wash their hands during each progression of taking care of the patient, for example, making the bed of the patient alongside giving and the board of the sullied soils and articles of the patients. Quality In his regard ability building, distributed job displaying have been seen to decidedly impact the execution of disease control methodology. As remarked by Allegranzi, Sax Pittet (2013), the old and experienced medical attendants can preceptor the recently enlisted nurture about the sterilization strategies and control. The medical attendants likewise assume a critical job in teaching the patients and the individual relatives of the patient about the cleansing procedure. Restrictions In a consideration set up managing patients who have been kept in under isolate, the medical caretakers need to screen that the relatives of the patient are permitted limited passage. There are comparative circumstances where the medical attendant needs to convince the relatives of the meeting patients to rub their hand with liquor before they could meet or contact their friends and family (Al-Tawfiq Pittet, 2013). The use of such limitations regularly brings about warmed trade of words between the nursing experts and the guests to the clinics. Hence, such moral hindrances limit the potential commitments of the nursing experts inside a consideration arrangement. Doctors job In this regard, the doctors taking care of the patient can go about as a go-to individual by the relatives of the patient being admitted to the medical clinic with genuine contaminations. Consequently, they have to rehearse compelling relational abilities, where they should be sympathetic in their methodology. As remarked by Abdella et al. (2014), qualities and sympathy fills in as the center components for guaranteeing less moral quandaries are looked by the rehearsing doctors according to the IPAC cleanliness norms. The doctors need to view the cleanliness principles inferred by the nursing experts and teach the equivalent. They likewise should be cautious with the types of gear for treating patients in the gastroenterological wards. The instruments ought to be dunked in ethanol after each utilization. Basic arrangement by supervisors In this regard, the supervisors of the medicinal services places can go about as volunteers for the advancement of projects, for example, antimicrobial stewardship. The antimicrobial stewardship is a fantastic device for improving the clinical results of patien

Object Permanence and Piagets Theory of Development

Object Permanence and Piagets Theory of Development Theories Developmental Psychology Print Object Permanence and Piagets Theory of Development By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on June 20, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on October 23, 2019 Stages of Cognitive Development Piaget's Theory Sensorimotor Stage Preoperational Stage Concrete Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage Support and Criticism Bambu Productions / The Image Bank / Getty Images The term object permanence is used to describe a childs ability to know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard. If you have ever played a game of peek-a-boo with a very young child, then you probably understand how this works. When an object is hidden from sight, infants under a certain age often become upset that the item has vanished. This is because they are too young to understand that the object continues to exist even though it cannot be seen. Object Permanence and Cognitive Development The concept of object permanence plays a significant role in the theory of cognitive development created by psychologist Jean Piaget. In the sensorimotor stage of development, a period that lasts from birth to about age two, Piaget suggested that children understand the world through their motor abilities such as touch, vision, taste, and movement.?? During early infancy, babies are extremely egocentric. They have no concept that the world exists separate from their point of view and experience. To understand that objects continue to exist even when they are unseen, infants must first develop a mental representation of the object. Piaget referred to these mental images as schemas. A schema is a category of knowledge about something in the world. For example, an infant might have a schema for food, which during early infancy will be either a bottle or breast. As the child grows older and has more experiences, his or her schemas will multiply and become much more complex. Through the processes of assimilation and accommodation, children develop new mental categories, expand their existing categories, and even completely change their current schemas.?? How Object Permanence Develops Piaget suggested that there were six substages that occur during the sensorimotor stage of development, including: Birth to 1 Month: ReflexesDuring the earliest part of the sensorimotor stage, reflexes are the primary way that infants understand and explore the world. Reflexive responses such as rooting, sucking, and startling are how the infant interacts with his or her environment.1 to 4 Months: Development of New SchemasNext, primary circular reactions lead to the formations of new schemas. A baby might accidentally suck on his thumb and realize that its enjoyable. He will then repeat the action because he finds it pleasurable.4 to 8 Months: Intentional ActionsAround the age of 4 to 8 months, infants begin paying much more attention to the world around them. They will even perform actions to create a response. Piaget referred to these as secondary circular reactions.8 to 12 Months: Greater ExplorationBetween 8 and 12 months, intentional actions become much more evident. Babies will shake toys to produce sounds and their responses to the environment become more cohesive and coordinated.12 to 18 Months: Trial-and-ErrorTertiary circular reactions appear during the fifth stage. These involve trial-and-error and infants might start performing actions to gain attention from others.18 to 24 Months: Object Permanence EmergesPiaget believed that representational thought begins to emerge between 18 and 24 months. At this point, children become able to form mental representations of objects. Because they can symbolically imagine things that cannot be seen, they are now able to understand object permanence.?? How Piaget Measured Object Permanence To determine if object permanence was present, Piaget would show a toy to an infant before hiding it or taking it away. In one version of his experiment, Piaget would hide a toy under a blanket and then observe to see if the infant would search for the object. Some of the infants would appear confused or upset by the loss while other infants would instead look for the object. Piaget believed that the children who were upset that the toy was gone lacked the understanding of object permanence, while those who searched for the toy had reached this developmental milestone. In Piaget’s experiments, this tended to occur around the age of 8 to 9 months.?? Recent Findings Suggest Object Permanence Occurs Earlier While Piaget’s theory was enormously influential and remains quite popular today, it has also been the subject of criticism. One of the major criticisms of Piaget’s work is that he often underestimated children’s abilities. Research on object permanence has also called into question some of Piagets conclusions. Researchers have been able to demonstrate that with cues,  children as young as four months can understand that objects continue to exist even though they are unseen or unheard.?? Other researchers have suggested alternative explanations for why infants do not look for hidden toys. Very young children simply may not have the physical coordination necessary to search for the item. In other cases, babies might not have an interest in finding the hidden object.??

Enron And The Watergate Of The Vietnam War - 1460 Words

In October of 2001, Enron announced a third-quarter loss of $618 million. The SEC and the U.S. Department of Justice both launched investigations into the sudden fall of the company and found that Enron had overstated their earnings by an estimated $586 million since 1997. Top executives in the company sold their majority shares days before the company’s collapse leaving lower level employees with worthless stocks in their pensions causing them to lose the majority of their life savings (CNN). As of today, charges have been brought against at least sixteen employees and executives in connection with Enron on counts of wire fraud, securities fraud, insider trading and money laundering among others. Flashback to June 17, 1972, and the†¦show more content†¦On June 17, 1972, an arrest was made of five burglars discovered trying to conduct a break-in at the Watergate; one of whom was James W. McCord, the security director for the Committee for the Re-election of the Presid ent (watergateinfo). The initial burglary does not strike one as a white collar offense but what happens after the burglary is why many consider the Watergate Scandal to be white collar. In August of 1972, a $25,000 check earmarked for the Nixon campaign found itself in the bank account of a Watergate burglar. Nixon claimed that the White House had conducted an investigation into the matter and that no one from the White House had been involved. In November of 1972, Richard Nixon was reelected as president. January of 1973 began the trial of the Watergate Seven. Five plead guilty to their charges; the other two plead not guilty but are convicted on counts of conspiracy, burglary, and wiretapping. In March of ’73 accusations are brought against John Dean and John Mitchell for obstruction of justice on the grounds of the men pressuring the burglars to plead guilty and that others were involved in the Watergate break-in (watergateinfo). President Nixon denied ever knowing about the Watergate break-in or the attempts to cover it up. In June, the Washington Post reported that John Dean told Watergate investigators that he had spoken with President Nixon about the

Abortion Essay - 1899 Words

Abortion To pro-choicers, human life begins later in gestation or at birth. They view abortion as a civil rights matter-a decision that should be left up to an informed woman and her physician.(www.religioustolerance.org/abortion.htm) On the other hand, the pro-life believe that the life of a baby begins long before he or she is born. A new individual human being begins growing in the mother=s uterus at fertilization, and if the baby=s life is not interrupted, he or she will someday become an adult man or woman.(www.nrcl.org/abortion/wdlb/wdlb.html) Worldwide, millions of unborn babies are killed each year . In the United States over 32 million unborn babies have been killed in the 21 years since abortion was legalized and†¦show more content†¦Ruling that declaratory, though not injunctive, relief was warranted, the court declared the abortion statutes void as vague and over broadly infringing those plaintiffs Ninth and Fourteenth Amendment rights. The court ruled the Does complaint not justiciable. Appellants directly appealed to this Court on the injunctive rulings, and appellee cross-appealed from the District Courts grant of declaratory relief to Roe and Hallford.(www.roevwade.org) Two of the justices, White and Rehnquist, dissented. Today, Jane Roe is now an outspoken anti-abortion, pro-life activist. (http://abortiontv.com/Index.htm) Norma McCorvey, who was Jane Roe in the 1973 abortion case, told Ashcrofts Constitution Subcommittee of the personal trauma she suffered at the hands of the pro-abortion lobby. She said the countrys experiment with legal abortion is an utter failure and that it is her sincere prayer that there will be no 30th anniversary of Roe v. Wade.(roevwade.org) However the morals and beliefs of the people are what create the morals and beliefs of the government, and oftentimes these individual morals are influenced by religion. Religion shouldnt be discounted in any political decision, because by affecting many individuals, religion affects society. Judaism, because of value placed on the family, has condemned abortion for several thousand yearsShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahoma’s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion And Abortion2038 Words   |  9 PagesMostly seen as a religious issue, abortions are anything but that. Biology and science are the only deciding factors when it comes down to it. Science is the only thing that can prove whether an unborn child is living; no religion can do that. Through modern science and technology, it has been proven and well documented that human life does in fact begin at conception. The scientific evidence also contradicted the court ruling in the Roe v. Wade case, where it was stated that the Court could notRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion measures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers . At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produce

Egyption Medicine Free Essays

The Egyptians had far more advanced medical techniques than people had in Prehistoric times. The main reason for this is their religion. They believed in life after death, therefore they felt it was very important to treat the corpses with a lot of care. We will write a custom essay sample on Egyption Medicine or any similar topic only for you Order Now They were prepared for the afterlife. This meant the Egyptians gained a lot of knowledge about anatomy. The process they went through to preserve the bodies Is called embalming. It was noticed that the organs In the body would not remain preserved so they removed them before the burial. They were placed Into canopy Jars, then the body was treated with salts. These salts and the desert alarm dried out the bodies and later they would be wrapped In hundreds of yards of linen. After 70 days, the embalming process was complete and the mummy would be placed Inside a specially made coffin with things that made them comfortable In life. Their way of life also helped them gain medical knowledge. The River Nile was crucial to them surviving on the dry deserts. Once a year the river flooded, it gave their fields the nutrients needed to grow crops. To keep their crops growing all year round they developed a channel system, they dug irrigation ditches and used pipes to get the water from the Nile to their fields. This inspired an analogy, they figured that being as their crops would die if they water couldn’t get to them; that it would harm the body if blood couldn’t travel round it. The conclusion was then came to that, the human body was also full of channels, that carried fluids to the vital organs. If a channel in the body got blocked, it would cause problems. This was crucial to medicine, as it was the first thought of practical cures for illness. It was thought, that to unblock the vessels purging, vomiting and bleeding should be used. However their religious beliefs also prevented them from making any more medical advances. They treated the corpses too well, and did not examine them as they thought they were needed in the afterlife. On top of this, they still believed that evil spirits caused a lot of illnesses and held great faith in their Gods to cure them. How to cite Egyption Medicine, Papers

Paintball Tourney Essay Example

Paintball Tourney Paper The XPL 7s will be run on a monthly basis in between other major league paintball tournaments. It will be based on 4 leagues with around 8 teams on each averaging about 30 40 teams per event. There will be 4 super air fields with 6 marshals and an ultimate per field. Also a staging area that only team players and crew members can access with there unique ID cards and controlled access from security guards. The game structure and general concept will be best on that of the rule book (app.1)  Location and Layout  The field layouts will be based on those from millennium series events and will be different every event. The field layouts will be designed in advance and put up at least a day before the event and checked with the Field of Play regulations in the PA rulebook (app.1) The fields will be stored and packed away when not in use in a storage container and washed down before hand The players staging area will be big enough to hold 300 players and 40 teams with 6 meter removable security fencing with only one entrance guarded by security personnel only letting players and crew members with unique ID cards with official XPL stamp and 2 other security personnel checking the perimeter for intruders and thieves. We will write a custom essay sample on Paintball Tourney specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Paintball Tourney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Paintball Tourney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Promotion  The main source of promotion will be the website. I have designed and made the website, just need web space and domain name for it. It will have all relevant information on it to do with the tourney, entry, results, schedule etc. Another source of promotion will be in paintball magazines like PGI and also internet ads on websites like walkonzone.com  A questionnaire has been produced for marketing reason to work out if firstly the staff will work for that kind of money. Secondly to find out what general interest this will create and key features that paintball players look for in a paintball tournament. Flyers and posters will also be made to promote the event to new audiences and the target market.  How the Leagues work  There will be 4 leagues and based on 8 per division, each team will play 7 games. Which are 56 games in each division making it 224 games in total. Split up into 4 fields over a playing time of 7 hours (not including 1 hour lunch break), 56 games per field over 420 minutes. 15 minutes between games. See app.2 for schedule details and game layout. The day will run from games starting at 10 am to finishing at 5 pm with a 1 hour break at 1 pm for lunch and marshals to rest. The teams will be placed in there divisions past on their performance at other tournaments and what level they play on. The divisions will also work on 2 go up and 2 go down. Teams wont be allowed to change divisions, the only way teams change divisions is with the promotion and demotion method Marshals  On each field will be 7 marshals, one of which will be the ultimate who Is in charge of that field and his marshals. He will be considered head marshal on that field. The marshals will be that of tournament level standard and will be sent a copy of the XPL rule book to read well in advance and will need to have experience in marshalling tournaments and over the age of 18. The marshals will be paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 for the day and will receive free lunch. The marshals will also get a 1 hour lunch break at 1pm. Security  There will be 4 security personnel hired who will have to be 21+ and will be given a shirt to wear and radio to communicate with the other security personnel. Only 3 of the 4 security guards will be working at one time. 1 of the 3 will be at the entrance of the players area checking for player ID guards and checking for the official XPL stamp and checking the photo. The other two will be patrolling inside and outside the players area for thieves and intruders with no ID card. See appendix 3 for security personnel schedule. ID cards  The ID cards will be the size of a business card and have a photo of the player, the player name, team name (to stop that player playing for another team) players signature, an organisers signature and the official XPL stamp. With a plastic cover going over the top. If a security guard sees a player ID were the plastic has been peeled back, that player will be denied access. Every player and his/her information will be stored on the computer and when a teams arrives at a competition they will be asked to fill in a form writing down each players name, address, player ID and signature which will be double checked on the player IDs and on the computer during the day for sandbaggers or players switching teams. The player must supply a passport sized photo. Air + Co2  Air will be supplied by H-Pac services at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 per player. With a maximum of 56 teams and assuming 8 players on each team which would be around 300 players in total playing in the event costing around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1500. The Co2 will be supplied by APS with 4 tanks set up for players to be filled up on. A member of staff will be hired at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 for the day to watch over, check bottles and help fill. Food and Refreshments  The safe zone at the Skirmish Paintball Site will be used as a restaurant where people that get refreshments charged that of the prices below. A Cook and kitchen personnel will be hired for the day to cook the food and serve it to customers.  Car Park and Traffic  The Strip of land between the field of which the tourney will be played on and the woods will be converted into a car park that can hold at least 400 cars. Staff will use the sites car park and two car park staff will be hired to assist the parking of cars during the day. Trade Stands  Companies will be offered a space at the event to set up trade stands. For the 1st event there will be no charge but will be charged per event after that to set up a trade stand.  Company Banners  Companies can have their banner stuck up on the side of the netting, in the car park and around the site at a small cost of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 per banner. Although sponsors of the event can have their banners up, as many as they want and wherever they want, at no cost. Paint  Teams can buy paint from Adrenaline Paintball Supplies. A Choice of WDP, RPS or Evil paint will be available and discount for buying in bulk, but teams MUST ring in advance to let APS know how much paint they are expecting too need so they get enough in. Prices for paint are below.

If Marijuana Were Legalized Essays - Drug Policy, Law, Free Essays

If Marijuana Were Legalized Essays - Drug Policy, Law, Free Essays If Marijuana Were Legalized Drugs are a major influential force in our country today. The problem has gotten so out of hand that many options are being considered to control it or even solve it. Ending the drug war seems to be a bit impossible. The war on drugs seems to be accomplishing a lot but this is not true. Different options need to be considered. Legalization is an option that hasn't gotten a chance but should be given one. Although many people feel that legalizing marijuana would increase the amount of use, marijuana should be legalized because it will reduce the great amounts of money spent on enforcement and it will increase our country?s revenue. There are also many benefits that can be uncovered to help people if legalization of marijuana is given a chance. Legalizing marijuana would increase our economy's revenue. During Prohibition alcohol use was still sold and used, but people were doing it illegally. The 21st amendment repealed prohibition and alcohol taxes were increased. The same thing should happen with drugs. Marijuana should be taxed heavily to increase our revenue. Marijuana and other drugs would be made by the same people who make aspirin so the quality would be assured, containing no poisons or adulterants. Sterile hypodermic needles will be readily available at corner drug stores. These could be taxed heavily because the users will be assured of "clean drugs." Making drugs legal will reduce the great amounts of money spent on enforcement every year. Drug dealers and users are one step ahead on the enforcement process. If one drug lord is caught, another one will show up somewhere else. We cannot win. ?In 1987, 10 billion dollars were spent alone just on enforcing drug laws. Drugs accounted for about 40 percent of all felony indictments in the New York City courts in 1989. This figure is quadruple what it was in 1985. . Forty percent of the people in federal prison are drug law violators? (Long 114). One can only imagine what this figure would be like today. Too much money is wasted on a cause that seems to be no end to. ?In 1989, a Republican county executive of Mercer County N.J. estimated that it would cost him as much as 1 billion dollars to build the jail space needed to house all the hard-core drug users in Trenton alone? (Long 128). All of this money could be used on better things. By lifting the ban on marijuana use and treating it like other drugs such as tobacco and alcohol, the nation would gain immediate and long-term benefits. This change in the law would greatly improve the quality of life for many people. Victims of glaucoma and those needing antinausea treatment, for example, would find marijuana easily available. Also, the cloud of suspicion would disappear, and doctors could get on with investigating marijuana?s medical uses without fear of controversy. In the essay, ?Drugs?, Vidal states, ? Nevertheless many drugs are bad for certain people to take and they should be told why in a sensible way? (321-322). It might become possible to discuss the dangers of marijuana use without getting caught up in a policy debate.. Meanwhile, the black market would disappear overnight. Some arrangement would be made to license the production of marijuana cigarettes. Thousands of dealers would be put out of business, and a secret part of the economy would come into the open. It is difficult to say whether this change would reduce crime because criminals would probably continue to sell other drugs. But it would have an impact on the amount of money flowing through criminal channels, and this might weaken organized crime. The legalization of marijuana would benefit the federal budget in two ways, the federal revenues would increase, because marijuana cigarettes would be taxed at the point of sale. In return, the companies that make the cigarettes would also pay income taxes.. Second, there would be a reduction on the amount spent on law enforcement efforts to apprehend and prosecute users and sellers of marijuana. The drug enforcement authorities might reduce their budget requests, or, more likely, focus more intensely on hard drugs and violent crimes. The courts would

How to Take Notes in Law School

How to Take Notes in Law School No matter how much material you think you can retain just by memory, note taking will be one of the most important skills to develop and perfect as you make your way through law school. Good notes will help you keep up during class discussions and will also become crucial when its time to outline and study for final exams. How to Take Notes in Law School: 5 Dos DO choose a method of note taking and stick with it. There are now lots of options for law school note taking from software programs to the good old paper and pen method. Try some out early on in the semester, but decide quickly which one suits your learning style best and then keep going with it. The link section below has some reviews of note taking software if you need a starting point.DO consider preparing your own notes before class. Whether you do the classic case brief or something more free-flowing and whether youre using computer software or handwritten notes, use a different color or entirely different pages to separate class notes from your personal notes. As the semester wears on, you should see the two increasingly converging; if not, youre probably not picking up important concepts and what your professors want  you to focus on, so get thee to office hours!DO write down important concepts, rules of law, and lines of reasoning. These things may be difficult to pinpoint at first, but youll get better at this as your law school years go on. DO take note of recurring themes in your professors lectures. Does he bring public policy into every discussion? Does he painstakingly parse words of statutes? When you find these themes, pay special attention and take particularly copious notes as to how the professors reasoning is flowing; this way you know what questions to prepare for both for lectures and exams.DO review your notes after class to make sure you understand what youve recorded. If something is unclear either conceptually or factually, now is the time to clear it up either with your classmates in a study group or with the professor. Dont Do This When Taking Law School Notes DONT write down everything the professor says verbatim. This holds especially true if youre using a laptop. It can be tempting to transcribe lectures if you have the typing ability, but youll be losing valuable time in which you should be engaging with the material and group discussion. This, after all, is where learning takes place in law school, not simply from memorizing and regurgitating rules and laws. DONT write down what your fellow law students say. Yes, theyre smart and some may even be right, but unless your professor puts her explicit seal of approval on a students contribution to the discussion, its most likely not worth a spot in your notes. You will not be tested on your fellow law students opinions, so theres no sense in recording them for posterity.DONT waste time writing down facts of the case. All the facts you need to discuss a case will be in your casebook. If particular facts are important, highlight, underline, or circle them in your textbook with a note in the margins to remind you why theyre important. DONT be afraid to go back through several days of notes at the same time to try to make connections and fill in gaps. This review process will help you at the time with class discussions and later when youre outlining and studying for exams.DONT forego taking notes because you can get the notes of a classmate. Everyone processes information differently, so you are always going to be the best person to record notes for your future study sessions. Its great to compare notes, but your own notes should always be your primary source for studying. This is why commercial outlines and those prepared by previous law students arent always the most helpful either. Throughout the semester, your professor gives you a map of what the exam will be like throughout the course; it is your job to record it and study it.

The impact of videogames on players especially the violent ones Research Paper

The impact of videogames on players especially the violent ones - Research Paper Example Ever since video games were introduced, the level of violent content in them has been a controversial matter and the major question is whether they result in violent behavior among players. Video games are often seen by older people as childlike thing and do not worry about their negative impacts on behavior. Unfortunately, parents and the older people in society fail to focus on the dark side of some games and their impact on younger players especially the violent ones. Numerous studies have been conducted on the impact on violent video games on the players’ behavior. Emerging literature has focused on â€Å"the benefits rather than perils of video game play† (Blumberg et al. 41). These studies show increasing concern about the impact of video games on young players who play these games (Becker-Olsen and Patricia 84). There are two issues surrounding this discussion. First, is whether players with violent tendencies are more likely to act out violent acts from playing these games? Secondly, is whether video games exacerbate violent behavior among players? In order to understand the debate surrounding this topic, one must get a clear understanding of the concept of violence. Various studies have found that violent behavior in real life is a consequence of the violence that is contained in video games. Others disagree with this as they failed to clearly define violence or why the games being studied were termed as violent. Overall, the definition of violence varies among different individuals. Although video games consist of fictional characters, they are based on the themes of death and battle whereby the winner becomes more powerful. Others can be characterized by a form of blood violence and high gore as the reward system. It can be observed that the definition of violence in video games has evolved over the decades as video games in the modern times are

Executive summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Executive summary - Essay Example Wal-Mart is sociologist’s organization, this is because it employs three main theoretical perspectives which offer them sociologists paradigms of the way the organization influences people and how people influence organization. Each perspective exceptionally conceptualizes organization, human behavior and social forces. This includes the symbolic interactions perspective, the conflict perspective and functionalist perspective. The symbolic interactionist perspective also referred to has symbolic interactionism, directs Wal-Mart to consider the details of every days’ life and symbols, their meaning, and how people interacts with one another (Schein, 2004). The functionalist perspective also known as functions, each organizational aspect is interdependent and contributes to organization’s functioning as a whole. Functionalists believes that organization held together by cohesion, social consensus in which all members of the organization agree upon, and together work to achieve, the best for organization as a whole. Finally, the conflict perspective which prevents organization in a varied light than the symbolic interactions and fuctionist (Schein, 1990). Schein’s defines culture to be consisting of a range of levels from overt outside cultural manifestation to the deep underlying assumptions driving organization action. Wal-Mart in reference to Schein’s cultural model, artifacts are the visible processes and structures, espoused values and beliefs to the Wal-Mart goals, strategies and philosophies not forgetting underlying assumptions to the unconscious beliefs, thoughts, perceptions and individual feeling in the organization. This model helps in demonstrating the significance of culture to the organization since it unites or isolate people (Schein, 2004). Leadership styles are ways, approaches and the manner of implementing plans, providing direction and motivating individuals. The major leadership styles include authoritarian or autocratic,

Impact of Media in Shaping Perceptions and Policies

Impact of Media in Shaping Perceptions and Policies CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The Information Age has seen a transformation in the nature of war. The emerging trend is towards low intensity conflicts and proxy war waged between states and non-state actors. Information Warfare, Information Operations and Psychological Operations have come to dominate the battle space. Besides military dominance, warring sides aim to create positive perception to gain international support and public acceptance towards their strategic goals. The media, including print, radio, television and internet has become a preferred channel to this end. History is studded with a number of instances where media was effectively utilized to shape perceptions and influence the will of allies as well as adversaries. Right from the Boer War, World Wars One and Two, the Vietnam War and the various Gulf conflicts, the victors have successfully conducted intensive campaigns to create and sustain a favorable narrative. The United States of America, during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan an d Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq embedded journalists with its frontline forces. As a consequence, the global audience was exposed to a new intensity and immediacy of combat never before experienced. The massive information overload thus produced almost entirely favored the United States and its Coalition allies. Despite criticism for indiscriminate and subjective broadcasting of violence without context or commentary, the embedded journalists garnered the bulk of global attention and were faithful purveyors of the Coalition narrative. In the Indian context, the war of 1971 was an example where media, including international war correspondents, accompanied the forces advancing in the East. There was no attempt made to either hinder or influence their reporting. At present, the Indian Army is faced with a proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir where both the adversary state and its non-state proxies contest the nation in the military, political as well as the information domain. The violent actions of terrorist groups are complemented by a massive media offensive. The aim is to influence perceptions of the domestic audience and the global community. Then Chief of Army Staff, General B C Joshi, had referred to the media as a Force Multiplier while giving out guidelines to the Army deployed in proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir in 1994.[1] Until Kargil, the thrust of Army Media interaction was to highlight the Army’s role in Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief, focus on sports, jubilee celebrations and to avoid me dia glare during operations. However, the 1999 Kargil conflict was a watershed in wartime reporting. Until then, media was viewed as a meddlesome diversion at best and a threat to Operational Security at worst. During the conflict, the Indian Army realized the potential of the media to gain an Information Warfare advantage over the adversary. In view of this experience, and in line with the report of the Kargil Review Committee report, the Army changed its media policy. It is perhaps time to take a cue from the United States of America and explore the feasibility of embedding journalists with troops engaged in fighting the proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir. At first glance, the concept seems impractical and pointless; however, a strong case may exist in its favor. METHODOLOGY Statement of the Problem The impact of media in shaping perceptions and influencing policies needs no further evidence. However, the Information Warfare advantage that may be gained by the Indian Army in the proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir from embedded journalists has not been studied in detail. With a visible slant in media against the prolonged military campaign in general and the Armed Forces Special powers Act in particular, there is a need to analyze the likely results of embedded journalists. Is the experience of Coalition forces in the Global War On Terrorism relevant to the Indian context? Is there a need to modify the concept of media interaction accordingly? Will the outcome justify the risks? Hypothesis Embedding journalists with troops engaged in proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir will present an Information Warfare advantage to the Indian Army. Justification of the Study At present, the Indian Army is alive to the reality of conducting operations in the full glare of the media. However, there is little enthusiasm among the majority of the rank and file towards media interaction. The anti-establishment tone of the vernacular media has fostered a sense of passive hostility towards all media in general. The possibility of embedded journalists revealing classified information and indulging in sensationalizing sensitive issues has also influenced the leadership to restrict the scope of media interaction in proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir. Scope The scope of the study being vast, the paper concentrates on the possible implications of embedding journalists with troops engaged in proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir. The paper highlights the need to increase media interaction and brings out the advantages of ensuring broadcast of a favorable narrative across all forms of media. It also aims to support the hypothesis with research on similar initiatives elsewhere in time and space. Operational Definitions The special terms used in this dissertation are defined below :- (a)Â  Information Warfare.[2]Â  The offensive and defensive use of information and information systems to deny, exploit, corrupt or destroy an adversary’s information, information based processes, information systems, and computer based networks while protecting one’s own. Such actions are designed to achieve advantages over military or political adversaries. (b)Â  Information Operations.[3]Â  The integrated employment of electronic warfare, computer network operations, psychological operations, military deception, and operations security, in concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to influence, disrupt, corrupt or usurp adversarial human and automated decision making, while protecting our own. (c)Â  Psychological Operations.[4]Â  Efforts to convey selected truthful information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning and ultimately, the behavior of their governments, organizations, groups and individuals. Methods of Data Collection The sources of reference are :- (a) Books from Defence Services Staff College library. (b) Articles from newspapers, magazines and journals. (c) Articles from the Internet. (d) Interactions with serving and retired Army officers, journalists and bureaucrats. Organization of the Dissertation It is proposed to study the subject in the following manner :- (a)Â  Chapter I. Introduction and Methodology. (b)Â  Chapter II. Historical Background of Army Media Relationship. This chapter covers the origin of modern combat journalism and the rise in the influence of media in conflicts. (c)Â  Chapter III. Information Operations and Media. This chapter highlights the utilization of media for perception shaping and conducting successful Information Operations. A special case is made of the Kargil conflict, 1993. (d)Â  Chapter IV. Embedded Journalists in the Global War On Terror. This chapter looks at the Coalition experience of embedded journalism to draw relevant lessons for the Indian context. (e)Â  Chapter V. Suggested Contours of Media Interaction. This chapter draws a theoretical model for embedded journalism in Jammu and Kashmir, to meet the requirements of the Indian Army. (f)Â  Chapter VI. Advantages from Embedded Journalists in Jammu and. This chapter relates the relevance of embedded media in fighting proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir. (g)Â  Chapter VII. Conclusion. The conclusion will knit together the relevant aspects of all chapters to summarize the research and point the way ahead. The final statement of the hypothesis will be made in light of the evidence studied. While the paper will be ended, there will pointers to further research included, given the vast scope of the subject. [1] Chakraborty, A K Information War : Challenges In The Twentyfirst Century. Noida; Trishul, 2003, p.15. [2] Forest, James J.F.,ed. Influence Warfare : How Terrorists And Governments Fight To Shape Perceptions In A War Of Ideas. New Delhi: Pentagon Press, 2010, p.10. [3] ibidem [4] ibidem

Analysis of Amazon.Com

Ans: From the traditional bricks and mortar industry, Amazon. com is the first company to evolve â€Å"book retailing† by going online on a large-scale. To date, Amazon. com provides an online retail store which constitutes of numerous products across a common platform. The company's retail website includes established web portals spanning across all leading economies as depicted in the case. In revolutionizing the e-commerce industry, Amazon. com is able to leverage information by making use of existing and new technology effectively in order to gain a competitive advantage. In attaining a competitive advantage, Porter's five competitive forces can be used to analyze Amazon. com. These forces include threat of new entrants within the market, bargaining power of suppliers, substitution of products and services, bargaining power of buyers and industry competition. The Internet has changed the nature of doing business, so has the competition that surrounds it. By supplying a wide range of products to the consumer, Amazon. com shares a market space with the likes of Wal-Mart and eBay. Rivalries amongst existing firms are strong as the industry is growing and the products that are being sold to the consumer are not so differentiated. Amazon's business strategy â€Å"to become the best place to buy, find and discover any product or services available online†, has allowed for further competition within online and offline retailers. An example of online retailers would be eBay and offline retailers being Exclusive Books. Since the industry is increasingly attractive, it gives way to new entrants in the market as the Internet facilitates in reducing barriers to entries. Offline competitors such Wal-Mart which traditionally followed the brick and mortar approach is using technology such as the Internet to increase buyer awareness, capture a wider market of customers to increase its revenue. As the numbers of offline competitors that adapt their business strategy towards becoming online competitors are increasing, they pose a threat to existing online businesses such as Amazon. com by broadening the consumer's choice of vendors. By broadening the consumer's choice of vendors, the Internet offers customers an opportunity to compare product prices in the industry across various mediums. These mediums range from high-street book shops, online web portals such as Kalahari. net and online book databases such as Google books. These factors play an important role as high bargaining power is given to the consumer allowing them to easily switch to a competitor within the industry based on price where there is minimal product differentiation. Amazon. com offers several services such as loyalty discounts thereby making consumer switching to a competitor difficult. There is minimal loyalty to a brand as consumers are provided with numerous options in the industry. In general, Amazon's supplier bargaining power is low because the products existing in this industry are sold by numerous online and offline firms. Products such as books, CD's, DVD's and electronics provide a lower supplier bargaining power, caused by an existence of many suppliers in the industry. Amazon's diversified product portfolio range allows them to gain greater control in terms of price, delivery schedule and quality. Bargaining power of suppliers within the retail industry is limited as market dynamics dictate power to the retailers such as Amazon. om who have built the necessary infrastructure and scale required for the online retail industry. Information based industries such as Amazon. com can easily sell products to consumers over the internet which bring upon threats of substitute products or services within the industry. Substitute products or services that are priced lower such as books, DVD's and reduced online delivery charges can be a threat to Amazon. com as the consumer will be drawn to a lower price. Amazon’s Value Chain: Primary Activities and Support Activities. Primary activities are those needed to produce a product or services for the end customers. These activities typically include: ?Inbound Logistics: receiving goods from suppliers, and storing and moving those good ?Operations: Manufacturing or assembling the product ?Outbound Logistics: Sending the goods to wholesalers, retailers or directly to the end customer ?Marketing and Sales: Marketing involves understanding customer needs, communicating those needs, and promoting the end products. ?Service: Involves after-sales support (e. g. handling, complaints, installation, training) Support activities help to facilitate or assist the primary activities of producing product. Examples include: ?Procurement: purchasing raw material and other items used in operations ?Human Resource Management: recruiting, hiring, firing, training, developing, compensating ?Technological Development: research and development, process aut omation, software, hardware, equipment, etc. , to support operations ?Infrastructure: May include accounting, legal, finance, planning, public affairs, government relations, quality assurance and general management.

Essay about Dystopia Society in the Handmaid´s Tale by...

In Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood writes about a dystopia society. Atwood used situations that were happening during the time she began writing her novel, for example, women’s rights, politics, and in religious aspects. Atwood’s novel is relevant to contemporary society. There are similarities between Atwood’s novel and our society today, which lends to the possibility that our modern society might be headed to a less intense version of this dystopia society. In the novel Atwood writes how Offred the main character transitions from her life before to a Handmaid. Offred wasn’t her real name but the name that was given to her when the Gilead society formed. Prior to the Gilead forming Offred lived with her husband and†¦show more content†¦In the Gilead society the handmaids have to cover up their bodies, wear long dresses, and cover their faces with vial’s and wings. These rules for the women are the same if not similar in Afghanistan, India, and some south Asian countries. In Pakistan women can be raped and if no evidence is found to prove it was rape the men could get away with it and the women could be charged with pre-marital sex and sentence to prison. This is similar in The Handmaid’s Tale; the handmaids go through â€Å"the ceremony† as they call it. The handmaids had to lay on their backs once a month in hope to become impregnated by the commander. The handmaids are valued only for their womb, ov aries, and reproducing. If their ovaries were no good or if they couldn’t have children for any other reason, then the handmaid was not valued or not needed and was sent to â€Å"the club† where all the unclean, no use of handmaids are. The handmaids with valuable ovaries are alive only to serve a purpose which is to reproduce. The women in Gilead have no rights. They have to obey the rules and commands that are given by the commanders in charge or from the Aunts who also get their orders from the commander. They are forbidden to read and write. The handmaids are allowed to leave the home of the commander and his wife once a day to go to the market. Iranian women were subjected to similar laws to those in Gilead. Iranian women are not allowed to choose or control various aspectsShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1249 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian Research Essay: The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood In the words of Erika Gottlieb With control of the past comes domination of the future. A dystopia reflects and discusses major tendencies in contemporary society. The Handmaid s Tale is a dystopian novel written by Margaret Atwood in 1985. The novel follows its protagonist Offred as she lives in a society focused on physical and spiritual oppression of the female identity. 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She hasRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale By Margaret Atwood And Catching Fire By Suzanne Collins1522 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Dystopia is an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad typically in a totalitarian or an environmentally degraded one† (www.oxforddictionaries.com).The text, The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood and Catching Fire by Suzanne Collins deal with the main idea of societal restraint. Both authors portray a protagonist who is living in a totalitarian society. The protagonists in both novels have harsh limitations which they must abide to. The authors use setting, oppression, andRead MoreLiterary Analysis of the Handmaids Tale1863 Words   |  8 PagesOppressive Dystopias A genuine identity and individuality is not possible in an oppressive environment especially when one’s daily life, actions, and thoughts are dictated by domineering societal expectations. 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The Reasons Behind The Collapse Of Clive Peeters Limited Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2281 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? The purpose of this report was to discuss the reasons behind the collapse of Clive peeters limited, one of the leading electronic appliances sellers in Australia and examine these reasons to reach an ultimate conclusion on the future of this company. Research for this report was based mostly on this companys annual report for financial years 2006-2009, calculating various debt ratios and web based researches done on Clive Peeters Limited collapse done by experienced academics. The major findings indicate that the company had serious flaws in its business structure and eventually failed to deliver due to its heavy dependency on debt coupled with some other factors like: bad image caused by the theft of the company accountant, too much discounting, company size and recession. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Reasons Behind The Collapse Of Clive Peeters Limited Finance Essay" essay for you Create order This report also sheds light on the current position of the company and explains different methods of external administration: receivership, voluntary administration and liquidation. Table of Contents Contents Page Number Company Background: Clive Peeters Limited 1 Types of Companies 2 Debt Analysis of Clive Peeters Limited (2006-2009) 4 Debt-Equity Ratio 4 Current Ratio 5 Debt Ratio 7 Acid Test Ratio 8 Times Interest Earned Ratio 10 Cause of Clive Peeters Limiteds Collapse 11 Status Quo of Clive Peeters Limited 13 Conclusion: Personal View on the Future of Clive Peeters Limited 14 References 15 Company Background: Clive Peeters Limited Clive Peeters Limited was one of the leading computer and electrical appliance retailer throughout Australia. The first store for Clive Peeters Limited was opened in Melbourne way back in the years of 1972. Since then it expanded its business to other states of Australia including: Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania. In the year of 2005 Clive Peeters took over Rick Hart, a chain retail store located in Western Australia (Company Overview: Clive Peeters Limited Website). Around August 2010, Clive Peeters Limited failed to pay ASXs listing fee which disabled them to be listed in Australian Securities Exchange (ASX). Just few days before Clive Peeters Limited losing their ASX position, their accountant was found guilty of misrepresenting accounting figures for payroll and stealing a mammoth amount of 20 million dollars. According to a lot of critics Clive Peeters Limiteds demise was caused due to this bad image created by their accountant to the public. Soon after that Clive Peeters Limited went into administer ship. About that time Harvey Norman took over 32 of the Clive Peeters Limiteds and Rick Harts stores. According to Gerry Harvey the person who bought most of the stores of Clive Peeters Limited, Clive Peeters Limited may have been trading as insolvent for the last two years before getting into administration (Recent Highlights: on Clive Peeters Limited). Types of Companies Usually companies in Australia are registered with Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) under the corporations act. The two main branches of companies are: Public Companies and Proprietary Companies. Proprietary companies are of two types: Limited by Share and Unlimited with share capital. On the other hand, public companies can be of four main types. These are: Companies Limited by Shares: Usually as per s.9 of Corporations Act whereby the liabilities of the members of the company is only limited to the unpaid amount of shares held by them (Australian Corporations Act, 2001). Unlimited with Share Capital: In this case members of the company usually have no limit on their liability towards the company. Company Limited by Guarantee: Company formed on the principle of having the liability of its members limited to the respective amounts that the members undertake to contribute to the property of the company in the event of it being wound up. No Liability Company: In this case company is formed on the basis that members of the company would bear no liabilities towards the company (Harris et al 2009). Clive Peeters Limited was a public company prior to its collapse. It was also listed in Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) index. Its main area of business was retail. Before it collapsed it was operating as company limited by shares. This meant that members of the company were its shareholders and their liabilities were only limited to their unpaid amount of capital. This company was listed in the ASX meant that the shares of the company was available to the public and they could trade them easily individually or through their brokers. This meant that as shareholders they all were members of the company and would be affected if something is to happen to Clive Peeters Limited. There are lots of differences between the companies based on their types. Clive Peeters is a public company limited by share capital and ASX listed company where CPA Australia is a public company limited by guarantee and ASX unlisted company. CPA Australia limited by guaranty that means no required share capital for its formation. A public company limited by guarantee is one of which members guarantee to contribute a certain amount in the event of liquidation. Kimberley Diamond Company NL was a public company with no liability but it had a share capital and it was listed before 2008. The main revenue generating source was diamond mining and exploration. Singapore telecommunications Limited is listed on the Australian and Singapore stock exchanges. Its a private limited company and limited by share capital. SingTel is the parent company of Optus since 2001 and listed on both the Australian and Singapore stock exchanges. (ASX Website) Debt Analysis of Clive Peeters Limited (2006-2009) Debt-Equity Ratio Usually a debt equity ratio indicates the amount of debt a business has borrowed from external lenders in comparison with the owners equity. This gives an idea out of the whole equity how much a business has borrowed and how much it has received from its owners. Normally a debt equity ratio can be calculated using the following formula: Total Liabilities/owners equity If the ratio is too high, it means that the business is too much dependent on external financing and these external lenders have higher risk in case the business becomes insolvent. For Clive Peeters Limited the debt equity ratio was following starting from year 2006 to 2009: For 2006: 87.6 / 71.6 = 1.22 For 2007: 118.1 / 77.6 = 1.52 For 2008: 174.8 / 80.2 = 2.18 For 2009: 150.8 / 69.4 = 2.17 We can see from the above figures that Clive Peeters Limiteds debt-equity ratio increased dramatically over the years from 2006 to 2009. This meant that over the years Clive Peters Limited had relied a lot on borrowings from external lenders for their business activities. Current Ratio This ratio helps users to figure out the ability of a business to pay its short term liabilities. The formula for current ratio is as follows: Current Assets/Current Liabilities If a company has a higher current ratio, it indicates that the company would be able to pay its short term liabilities like: debts and payables using its cash, inventory and receivables. For Clive Peeters Limited the current ratio for the period of 2006-09 are as follows: For 2006: 115.3/83.5 =1.38 For 2007: 140.5/114.9 =1.22 For 2008: 193.0/138.0 =1.40 For 2009: 158.9/111.1 = 1.43 This clearly indicates that Clive Peeters Limiteds ability to pay its current liabilities like payables and debts were clearly decreasing using its current assets like cash, inventory and receivables over this particular period of time which surely is not a good sign. This implies that Clive Peters Limited was unable to manage its cash properly and had a severe loophole in their cash management system. Debt Ratio A debt ratio refers to the amount of the debt a company has in regards to its assets. It is calculated using the following formula: Total Debt/Total Assets The higher the ratio indicates the lower the chance of a company to pay its debts using its assets. For Clive Peeters Limited the debt ratio for the period of 2006-09 are as follows: For 2006: 87.6/159.2 =0.55 For 2007: 118.1/195.7 =0.60 For 2008: 174.8/255.0 =0.68 For 2009: 150.8/220.2 = 0.68 The figures clearly indicates an upward movement of debt ratio which indicates over this particular period Clive Peeters Limiteds debt in comparison to its assets increased quite enormously. Acid Test Ratio This ratio helps users to figure out whether a company can pay off its current liabilities like payables and debts using only its cash, receivables and current investments but not using its inventory. If this ratio falls below 1, a company usually has to work out its strategy with extreme caution so that in case of bad times they do not fall into any financial hardship and become unable to pay their debts. It is calculated using the following formula: (Cash +Accounts Receivables + Short Term Investments)/ Current Liabilities For Clive Peeters Limited the acid test ratio for the period of 2006-09 are as follows: For 2006: 41.2/83.5 =0.49 For 2007: 41.6/114.9 =0.36 For 2008: 61.7/138.0 =0.45 For 2009: 150.8/220.2 = 0.46 From the figures it is quite clear that through out the whole period Clive Peeters Limiteds acid test ratio was below 1 which indicates that in case of financial hardship Clive Peeters Limited would face difficulty to pay off its current debts using its cash, receivables and other forms of short term investments. Times Interest Earned Ratio Again this ratio is used to indicate whether a company would be able to pays its debts. It is calculated using the following formula: EBIT/total interest payable on bonds and other debts This ratio usually indicates how many numbers of times a company can pay its interests on debts using its pretax income. Sometimes if a company is unable to maintain a certain times interest ratio may enable its creditors to undertake further actions. For Clive Peeters Limited the Times Interest Earned ratio for the period of 2006-09 are as follows: For 2006: 19.51/1.4 =13.94 For 2007: 20.51/27.2 =0.75 For 2008: 17.3/16.7 =1.04 For 2009: (8.1)/14.1 = (0.57) From the above numbers we can easily understand that over the years of time Clive Peeters Limiteds Times Interest Earned ratio dropped dramatically to a negative figure on 2009 which eventually forced Clive Peeters Limited to be declared as bankrupt. Cause of Clive Peeters Limiteds Collapse One of the major contributors of Clive Peeters Limiteds collapse was the theft by its own company accountant for an amount of $ 20 million dollars. In her two year period as an accountant of Clive Peeters Limited, Ms. Sonya Causer had been involved in stealing of almost 19 million dollars worth of money which later she used to buy herself 44 properties and expensive cars and jewellery. According to the prosecutor in charge of this case a primary cause of the collapse of Clive Peeters Limited was this theft and the bad image that they earned due to this incident. Apart from this, too much debt and borrowings from external creditors were another reason held for Clive Peeters Limiteds collapse. During the time it was booming it used quite a substantial amount of debt to expand its business but as soon as the economy was hit by a recession a people stop buying luxury goods like plasma TVs and LCD TVs Clive Peeters Limited started to experience its consequences. To increase their volume of sales Clive Peeters Limited kept on providing discounts to their customers. Since their discounts were on pretty much all through the year, when the economy was hit by recession and people stopped buying their products they could not even reach their breakeven. The size of Clive Peeters Limited is another important factor to be considered. With only 45 stores across all over Australia it would be considered as a fairly a medium company compare to its direct competitors during that time like Harvey Norman. Harvey Norman could easily provide huge discounts to its customers and still could make profit margin due to its size but its not as same for Clive Peeters Limited. But Clive Peeters Limited tried to follow the strategies of Harvey Norman and ultimately paid the price. Overall it can be concluded that Clive Peeters Limited had serious flaws in their business models which eventually made them to pay dearly. Relying on too much debt, too much discounting, and following its competitors strategies and not coming up with some differentiating strategies were the main reasons for its demise (Thomson 2010). Status Quo of Clive Peeters Limited Clive Peeters Limited collapsed and went into voluntary administration on 19th of May, 2010. During that time the appointed administrators started to investigate whether the company could be preserved through a deed of company arrangement or a sale (Stafford et al 2010). There are different types of external administration in case a company is in financial hardship. The main three of them are as follows: Receivership Voluntary Administration Liquidation Both receivership and voluntary administration are methods to keep a company alive during their time of financial hardships. The main difference between them is that in case of receivership, the process is being initiated by one of the secured creditors of the company. Usually they appoint a receiver who tries to sell the assets of the company in order to recover the money of the companys creditors. On the other hand, in case of voluntary administration, an administrator is appointed by the court who tries to keep the company afloat by restructuring its strategies, selling part of it and reducing the costs incurred by the company. Liquidation is the process by which a company is brought to a complete end. All the assets and properties are distributed amongst companys creditors following a certain order. After the company is liquidated it would no longer exist in that name and the company would be de-registered from Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC). (Harris et al 2009). Conclusion: Personal View on the Future of Clive Peeters Limited We all know that part of the Clive Peeters Limiteds business was bought by Harvey Norman Holdings Limited after it went into voluntary administration. Its original name was kept as it is and its staffs in some of its stores were being able to keep their jobs. In my view, though Harvey Norman has bought part of its business, to keep the company afloat more money needs to be injected and its whole business structure needs a restructuring. Otherwise, it is going to be very difficult to keep Clive Peeters Limited from getting liquidated.